The FDA ( Food and Drug Administration ) has approved Xgeva ( Denosumab ) to help prevent skeletal-related events ( SREs ) in patients with cancer that has metastasized and damaged the bone. Skeletal-related events include bone fractures from cancer and bone pain requiring radiation.

Xgeva is a monoclonal antibody that targets a protein involved in cancer-related bone destruction called human RANKL. Other FDA-approved drugs for similar conditions include Zometa ( Zoledronic acid ) and Aredia ( Pamidronate disodium ).

Xgeva is not approved for patients with multiple myeloma or other cancers of the blood.

Xgeva’s safety and effectiveness were confirmed in three randomized, double-blind clinical studies in 5,723 patients comparing Xgeva with Zometa. One study involved patients with breast cancer, another in patients with prostate cancer, and a third included patients with a variety of other cancers.

The studies were designed to measure the time until occurrence of a fracture or spinal cord compression due to cancer or until radiation or surgery for control of bone pain was needed.

In patients with breast or prostate cancers, Xgeva was superior to Zometa in delaying skeletal-related events. In men with prostate cancer, the median time to an skeletal-related event was 21 months with Xgeva compared to 17 months with Zometa.

In patients with breast cancer, the median time to an skeletal-related event was 26 months with Zometa and has not yet been reached with Xgeva. In patients with other solid tumors, time to development of an skeletal-related event was similar for both Xgeva and Zometa. The most common solid tumors were non-small cell lung cancer, multiple myeloma, kidney cancer, and small cell lung cancer.

The most serious side effects experienced with Xgeva were hypocalcemia and osteonecrosis of the jaw, a severe disease resulting from reduced blood flow to areas of the jaw and exposed jaw bone, causing pain, swelling, numbness, or infection.

Denosumab was originally approved under another trade name, Prolia, in June 2010. Prolia is indicated to treat postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who are at high risk for bone fractures. Xgeva is administered using a higher dose and with more frequent dosing than Prolia. Denosumab has a different safety profile in patients with osteoporosis than in patients with cancer and bone metastases.

Source: FDA, 2010

XagenaMedicine2010


Link: Xapedia - Medical Encyclopedia